Pit and Fissure refer to the deep grooves, pits, and valleys visible on the chewing surface of your back teeth (molars and bicuspids). Sometimes the pits are so deep, even a single bristle of your toothbrush cannot reach into the pit to adequately remove the sticky plaque that forms and causes tooth decay.
When first molars erupt at or around 6 years of age, it is the optimal time to apply pit & fissure sealants. As the following molars and bicuspids erupt, the susceptible chewing surfaces may also be protected with sealants. Both children and adults with deep pits and fissures in the chewing surfaces are susceptible to tooth decay and are candidates for preventive sealants.
A sealant refers to a special varnish or resin that is applied to the chewing surface to seal the surface from plaque and food debris. The sealant material is a fluoride-releasing, resin-type material; therefore, in addition to sealing the deep pits and fissures, fluoride is released into the micro structures of the tooth, offering fluoride protection. The dentist or dental hygienist prepares the tooth by first cleaning the surface. Then the surface is etched with a special acid gel, so the sealant will adhere in the groove. After application of the etch and several seconds, the tooth is rinsed to remove all the etching gel. During the procedure, the tooth is kept very dry for optimal results, and the sealant material is painted into the grooves and deepest pits. Next, a UV light is used to cure and harden the sealant. Finally, the tooth bite is checked. The procedure is completed without pain, and without any need for a local anesthetic.
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