Perio means around and dontal refers to teeth. Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures around the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament that suspends the tooth and the alveolar bone. In the early stage of periodontal disease, the infection affects the gums – gingivitis and goes unnoticed because initially there is no pain. In more severe forms of the disease all the tissues are involved, including destruction of the bone around the teeth.
Bacteria in dental plaque, the sticky substance that forms on teeth after eating, cause periodontal disease. It is the body’s response to the bacterial infection that causes most of the problems. The body makes an effort to eliminate the bacteria, so the cells of the immune system release substances that cause inflammation and destruction of the gums, periodontal ligament or the alveolar bone. This causes swollen, bleeding gums, which we call Gingivitis. It is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. As the disease progresses, loosening of the teeth occur due to loss of bone and that stage of gum disease is called, Advanced Periodontal Disease.
Periodontal disease is the number one reason for tooth loss, and without regular dental exams and cleanings, goes undetected during it’s early stages. Researchers are studying possible connections between gum disease and:
Good daily oral hygiene, maintaining a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce th risk of developing periodontal disease.
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